醫用電子內窺鏡是一種可插入人體體腔和臟器內腔進行直接觀察，診斷的醫用電子光學儀器。通過它能直接觀察人體內臟器官的組織形態，可提高診斷的準確性。下面來講講它的基本組成結構及工作原理吧。
Medical electronic endoscope is a kind of medical electronic optical instrument that can be inserted into the body cavity and organ cavity for direct observation, diagnosis and treatment. It can directly observe the tissue morphology of human internal organs and improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Let's talk about its basic composition, structure and working principle.
1.基本組成結構
1. Basic composition
電子內窺鏡的主要結構由CCD耦合腔鏡、腔內冷光照明系統、視頻處理系統、和顯示打印系統等部分組成。CCD耦合腔鏡將CCD耦合器件置于腔鏡先端，直接對腔內組織或部位進行直接攝像，經電纜傳輸信號到圖像中心。
The main structure of electronic endoscope is composed of CCD coupling cavity mirror, cavity cold light lighting system, video processing system, display and printing system, etc. CCD coupling cavity mirror places the CCD coupler at the front of the cavity mirror, directly takes pictures of the tissue or part in the cavity, and transmits the signal to the image center through the cable.
2.工作原理
2. Working principle
電子內窺鏡工作原理是冷光源對所檢查或手術部位照明后物鏡將被測物體成像在CCD光敏面上，CCD將光信號轉換成電信號，由電纜傳輸視頻處理器，經處理還原后顯示在監視器上。
The working principle of electronic endoscope is that after the cold light source illuminates the examined or surgical part, the objective lens will image the measured object on the CCD photosensitive surface, the CCD will convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, which is transmitted to the video processor by cable, and then displayed on the monitor after processing and restoration.
CCD光敏面由規律排列的二極管組成，每一個二極管稱為一個像素(pictureelemont)，像素的多寡決定像質的優劣。目前的制作工藝普遍可達到30～41萬像素。
CCD photosensitive surface is composed of regularly arranged diodes. Each diode is called a pictureemont. The number of pixels determines the quality of image. The current production process can generally reach 300 ~ 410000 pixels.
電子內窺鏡靶面和有效尺寸為Fi(外徑)=2mm左右，而且CCD輸出信號的一級放大電路也要包含在2mm的圓柱體積內。電子內窺鏡像質的好壞主要取決于CCD性能，其次還有驅動電路和后處理系統的技術指標，包括分辨率、靈敏度、信躁、光譜響應、暗電流、動態范圍和圖像滯后等。
The target surface and effective size of the electronic endoscope are fi (outer diameter) =2mm, and the primary amplification circuit of the CCD output signal should also be included in the cylindrical volume of 2mm. The quality of electronic endoscope image mainly depends on the performance of CCD, followed by the technical indicators of driving circuit and post-processing system, including resolution, sensitivity, signal intensity, spectral response, dark current, dynamic range and image lag.
內窺鏡維修公司提醒您，CCD的安裝有幾種方式，當設計由CCD代替纖鏡中的光纖傳像束時，形成電子內窺鏡先端部安裝CCD的一種方法，即CCD的受光面垂直于物鏡光軸方向，是簡單的結構，在這種情況下，須使用超小型的CCD，這樣可使先端的硬性部較短。
The endoscope maintenance company reminds you that there are several ways to install the CCD. When the CCD is designed to replace the optical fiber image beam in the fiber mirror, a method to install the CCD at the front end of the electronic endoscope is formed, that is, the light receiving surface of the CCD is perpendicular to the optical axis direction of the objective lens, which is a simple structure. In this case, a subminiature CCD must be used, which can make the hard part of the front end shorter.
二種是CCD的受光面平行于物鏡光軸，物鏡射來的光通過一個90°的轉向棱鏡照射到CCD的受光面上。此結構的電子內窺鏡的像素數可提高的空間較大，目前逐漸趨向于采用此安裝方法。
The second is that the light receiving surface of the CCD is parallel to the optical axis of the objective lens, and the light from the objective lens shines on the light receiving surface of the CCD through a 90 ° turning prism. The number of pixels of the electronic endoscope with this structure can be increased in a large space, and this installation method is gradually used at present.
The basic composition, structure and working principle of medical electronic endoscope are basically the contents explained above. Only by fully understanding it can we use it better and work more smoothly. For more information about related matters, please come to our website http://www.365shop.cc Take a look.
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