內窺鏡由鏡管(或插入管)、鏡片(或傳像束)、照明光纖、鏡體(或鏡身)等部分組成。
An endoscope is composed of a tube (or insertion tube), a lens (or image beam), an illumination fiber, a mirror body (or body), and other parts.
內窺鏡是用來觀察人體內部體腔的，通過它能直接觀察到內腔器官的組成形態。現在內窺鏡已成為醫療診斷和微創手術必不可缺的可靠工
Endoscopy is used to observe the internal body cavity of the human body, through which the composition and morphology of internal organs can be directly observed. Endoscopy has become an indispensable and reliable tool for medical diagnosis and minimally invasive surgery
具。
With.
硬管內窺鏡雖然品種繁多,但基本結構是一致的,內部的光學系統是由一系列透鏡組成，其作用是把觀察到的物體通過光學系統成像在觀察者
Although there are various types of hard tube endoscopes, their basic structure is consistent. The internal optical system is composed of a series of lenses, whose function is to image the observed object to the observer through the optical system
的視網膜上。
On the retina.
硬管內窺鏡的光學系統通常由物鏡(含棱鏡)、棒鏡、目鏡三部分組成。
The optical system of a rigid tube endoscope usually consists of three parts: an objective lens (including a prism), a rod lens, and an eyepiece.
物鏡系統:
Objective lens system:
物鏡通常是由2~4片鏡片(膠合鏡片)組合而成。物鏡的主要作用是把物體成像到鏡頭前。如果視向角不是0°(直視式)的話，如斜視、側
Objective lenses are usually composed of 2-4 lenses (glued lenses). The main function of an objective lens is to image an object in front of the lens. If the viewing angle is not 0 ° (direct view), such as squint, lateral view
視式內窺鏡，需要在物鏡組內放置轉像的棱鏡。
A visual endoscope requires the placement of a prism for image transformation within the objective lens group.
柱透鏡:
Column lens:
由多組同樣尺寸的轉像透鏡組成。棒鏡的主要作用是把物鏡上成的像傳輸到光鬧位置。根據內窺鏡的工作長度不同,棒鏡有1、3、5、7組轉
Composed of multiple sets of identical sized image conversion lenses. The main function of a rod mirror is to transmit the image formed on the objective lens to the light source position. According to the working length of the endoscope, there are 1, 3, 5, and 7 sets of rotating rods
像透鏡組成，通常轉像系統棒鏡的數量為奇數。
Composed of lenses, the number of rod mirrors in the image conversion system is usually odd.
目系統:
Target system:
目鏡位于內窺鏡后方鏡體內。目鏡的主要作用是把光鬧位置成的像放大，目鏡的放大倍數一般在15~30之間。放大倍數不能過大，否則物像
The eyepiece is located inside the square mirror behind the endoscope. The main function of an eyepiece is to magnify the image formed by the light source, and the magnification of the eyepiece is generally between 15 and 30. The magnification should not be too large, otherwise the object image
將無法看清。
Will not be able to see clearly.
在硬管內窺鏡插入管部分，又外管、內管和照明光纖組成。照明光纖位于內管和外管之間，作用是照亮整個視場范圍。
The insertion part of the hard tube endoscope is composed of an outer tube, an inner tube, and an illumination fiber. The lighting fiber is located between the inner tube and the outer tube to illuminate the entire field of view.
硬管內窺的內部結構
Internal structure of hard tube endoscopy
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